Is There a Relationship Between Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) Herd Breakdown Risk and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Status? An Investigation in bTB Chronically and Non-chronically Infected Herds

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dc.contributor.authorByrne, Andrew W.
dc.contributor.authorGraham, Jordon
dc.contributor.authorMilne, Margaret Georgina
dc.contributor.authorGuelbenzu-Gonzalo, Maria
dc.contributor.authorStrain, Sam
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-17T12:46:23Z
dc.date.available2020-07-17T12:46:23Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-14
dc.descriptionPublication history: Accepted - 23 January 2019; Published - 14 February 2019.en_US
dc.description.abstractBackground: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB; Mycobacterium bovis) remains a significant problem in a number of countries, and is often found where M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is also present. In the United Kingdom, bTB has been difficult to eradicate despite long-term efforts. Co-infection has been proposed as one partial mechanism thwarting eradication. Methods: A retrospective case-control study of 4,500 cattle herds in Northern Ireland, where serological testing of cattle for MAP, was undertaken (2004–2015). Blood samples were ELISA tested for MAP; infection of M. bovis was identified in herds by the comparative tuberculin test (CTT) and through post-mortem evidence of infection. Case-herds were those experiencing a confirmed bTB breakdown; control-herds were not experiencing a breakdown episode at the time of MAP testing. A second model included additional testing data of feces samples (culture and PCR results) to better inform herd MAP status. Multi-level hierarchical models were developed, controlling for selected confounders. A sensitivity analysis of the effect of MAP sample numbers per event and the prior timing of tuberculin-testing was undertaken. Results: 45.2% (n = 250) of case observations and 36.0% (3,480) of control observations were positive to MAP by ELISA (45.8% and 36.4% when including ancillary fecal testing, respectively). Controlling for known confounders, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for this association was 1.339 (95%CI:1.085–1.652; including ancillary data aOR:1.356;95%CI:1.099–1.673). The size-effect of the association increased with the increasing number of samples per event used to assign herd MAP status (aOR:1.883 at >2 samples, to aOR:3.863 at >10 samples), however the estimated CI increased as N decreased. 41.7% of observations from chronic herds were MAP serology-positive and 32.2% from bTB free herds were MAP positive (aOR: 1.170; 95%ci: 0.481–2.849). Byrne et al. MAP Co-infection Impacts bTB Risk Discussion: Cattle herds experiencing a bTB breakdown were associated with increased risk of having a positive MAP status. Chronic herds tended to exhibit higher risk of a positive MAP status than bTB free herds, however there was less support for this association when controlling for repeated measures and confounding. MAP co-infection may be playing a role in the success of bTB eradiation schemes, however further studies are required to understand the mechanisms and to definitively establish causation.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding was provided as part of the Evidence and Innovation Strategy from the Department of Agriculture, Environment, and Rural Affairs (DAERA; Grant numbers: 15/03/08 Tuberculosis in chronic herds in Northern Ireland; PI: AB; 15/03/10 Concurrent endemic diseases in Northern Ireland; PI: AB). Open access publication fees were institutionally funded (AFBI).en_US
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/161
dc.identifier.citationByrne, A. W., Graham, J., Milne, G., Guelbenzu-Gonzalo, M. and Strain, S. (2019) ‘Is There a Relationship Between Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) Herd Breakdown Risk and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Status? An Investigation in bTB Chronically and Non-chronically Infected Herds’, Frontiers in Veterinary Science. Frontiers Media SA, 6. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00030.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2297-1769 (electronic)
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00030
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dc.rightsCopyright © 2019 Byrne, Graham,Milne, Guelbenzu-Gonzalo and Strain. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.en_US
dc.subjectbovine TBen_US
dc.subjectJohne’s diseaseen_US
dc.subjectveterinary epidemiologyen_US
dc.subjectco-infectionen_US
dc.subjectinfectious disease controlen_US
dc.subjectmycobacteriaen_US
dc.titleIs There a Relationship Between Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) Herd Breakdown Risk and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Status? An Investigation in bTB Chronically and Non-chronically Infected Herdsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2019-01-23
dcterms.dateSubmitted2018-10-30

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