Development and validation of a rapid LC–MS/MS method for the confirmatory analysis of the bound residues of eight nitrofuran drugs in meat using microwave reaction

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dc.contributor.authorRegan, Gemma
dc.contributor.authorMoloney, Mary
dc.contributor.authorDi Rocco, Melissa
dc.contributor.authorMcLoughlin, Padraig
dc.contributor.authorSmyth, Wesley
dc.contributor.authorCrooks, Steven
dc.contributor.authorElliott, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorDanaher, Martin
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-12T15:30:34Z
dc.date.available2022-01-12T15:30:34Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-23
dc.descriptionPublication history: Accepted - 28 October 2021; Published - 23 November 2021.en_US
dc.description.abstractA rapid analytical method was developed and validated for the analysis of eight bound nitrofurans in animal tissue, shortening laboratory turnaround times from 4 to 2 days. The majority of methodologies for nitrofuran analysis focus on the detection of only four drugs (nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, furaltadone and nitrofurazone), and is time-consuming given the 16-h overnight derivatisation step and a double liquid–liquid extraction. In this study, the narrow scope of analysis was addressed by including further four important nitrofuran drugs (nifursol, nitrofuroxazide, nifuraldezone and nitrovin). Full chromatographic separation was achieved for the metabolites of all eight nitrofurans, using phenyl-hexyl column chemistry and a rigorous optimisation of the mobile phase additives and gradient profile. The conventional, lengthy sample preparation was substantially shortened by replacing the traditional overnight water bath derivatisation with a rapid 2-h microwave-assisted reaction, followed by a modified-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction. This confirmatory method was fully validated in accordance with the new 2021/808/EC legislation, and was shown to perform satisfactorily when applied to incurred tissues. The decision limit (CCα) for the eight analytes ranged between 0.013 and 0.200 μg kg− 1, showing abundant sensitivity given that the current RPA for nitrofurans is 0.5 μg kg− 1. This innovative method can play a major role in the surveillance of the illegal use of nitrofuran drugs.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded as part of the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 727864 and from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (EU-China-Safe).en_US
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/389
dc.identifier.citationRegan, G., Moloney, M., Di Rocco, M., McLoughlin, P., Smyth, W., Crooks, S., Elliott, C. and Danaher, M. (2021) ‘Development and validation of a rapid LC–MS/MS method for the confirmatory analysis of the bound residues of eight nitrofuran drugs in meat using microwave reaction’, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00216-021-03763-0.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1618-2642
dc.identifier.issn1618-2650 (electronic)
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03763-0
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.rightsThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http:// creat iveco mmons. org/ licen ses/ by/4. 0/.en_US
dc.subjectNitrofuransen_US
dc.subjectMicrowave reactionen_US
dc.subjectQuEChERS extractionen_US
dc.subjectPhenyl-hexylen_US
dc.subjectUHPLC-MS/MSen_US
dc.titleDevelopment and validation of a rapid LC–MS/MS method for the confirmatory analysis of the bound residues of eight nitrofuran drugs in meat using microwave reactionen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-10-28
dcterms.dateSubmitted2021-09-06

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