The effect of biochar and acid activated biochar on ammonia emissions during manure storage

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dc.contributor.authorBaral, Khagendra
dc.contributor.authorMcIlroy, John
dc.contributor.authorLyons, Gary A.
dc.contributor.authorJohnston, Christopher
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-13T12:19:57Z
dc.date.available2022-12-13T12:19:57Z
dc.date.issued2022-12-05
dc.descriptionPublication history: Accepted - 2 December 2022; Published online - 5 December 2022en_US
dc.description.abstractAnimal manure contains valuable plant nutrients which need to be stored until field application. A significant proportion of slurry nitrogen is volatilized in the form of ammonia (NH3) during storage. This impacts human health, biodiversity, air and water quality and thus urgent action is needed to reduce NH3 emissions. In this experiment, we evaluated the NH3 emission mitigation potential of biochars derived from miscanthus (MB) and solid separated anaerobic digestate (DB), and orthophosphoric acid activated MB (AMB) and DB (ADB) as well as lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) during four months of liquid manure storage. A slurry without amendment was included as a control (Ctrl). Acid activated and non-activated biochars were applied on top of the slurry maintaining a 7 mm thick surface layer, while LECA was applied in a 2 cm thick layer. NH3 emissions were measured by photoacoustic analyzer. In comparison to Ctrl, acid activated biochar decreased (p < 0.05) NH3 emissions during the slurry storage. Activated biochar reduced the emissions by 37–51% within the first month of slurry storage and achieved a 25–28% emissions reduction efficiency throughout the four month period due to the reduction in emission mitigation efficiency as the storage period progressed. LECA reduced NH3 emissions by 21% during storage. Losses of NH3 as a percentage of total ammoniacal N were 29–31% for activated biochars, 35–39% for non-activated biochars and 33% for LECA. In conclusion, acid activated biochars and LECA could be good floating-covers to mitigate NH3 emissions during manure storage, but activated biochars may have better mitigation potential than LECA.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors wish to acknowledge the financial support given by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) under Evidence and Innovation (E&I) project Slurry Treatments (19-4-14).en_US
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/500
dc.identifier.citationBaral, K.R., McIlroy, J., Lyons, G. and Johnston, C. (2023) ‘The effect of biochar and acid activated biochar on ammonia emissions during manure storage’, Environmental Pollution. Elsevier BV. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120815.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.issn1873-6424
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120815
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsCrown Copyright © 2022 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_US
dc.subjectBiocharen_US
dc.subjectLECAen_US
dc.subjectNH3 emissionen_US
dc.subjectSlurry storageen_US
dc.titleThe effect of biochar and acid activated biochar on ammonia emissions during manure storageen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2022-12-02
dcterms.dateSubmitted2022-10-11

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