Can metrics of acceleration provide accurate estimates of energy costs of locomotion on uneven terrain? Using domestic sheep (Ovis aries) as an example
Date
2022-03-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
BMC
Abstract
Background: Locomotion is often a necessity for animal survival and can account for a large proportion of an individual’s
energy budget. Therefore, determining the energy costs of locomotion is an important part of understanding
the interaction between an animal and its environment. Measures of animal acceleration, specifically ‘dynamic body
acceleration’ (DBA) has proved to be a useful proxy of the energy cost of locomotion. However, few studies have
considered the effects of interacting factors such as the animal’s speed or changes to the terrain slope on the putative
acceleration versus energy expenditure relationship and how this may affect the relationship between DBA and
energy expenditure.
Methods: Here we conducted a methodological study to evaluate the ability of the metric ‘vectorial dynamic body
acceleration’, VeDBA, obtained from tri-axial accelerometer data loggers, to act as a proxy for energy expenditure in
non-uniform environments. We used indirect calorimetry to measure the oxygen consumption (V̇O2) of domestic
sheep (Ovis aries) that were exposed to different ambient temperatures when immobile (resting) and that walked at
various speeds (0.8 to 2.9 km h−
1) and slope angles (− 6° to 6°) on a treadmill while simultaneously measuring tri-axial
acceleration recorded at 40 Hz by body-mounted tags.
Results: The lower critical temperature of sheep was identified as 18 °C, and V̇O2 when they were immobile was
3.67 mL O2
kg−
1 min−
1. There were positive relationships between V̇O2, VeDBA, and speed of walking. However,
VeDBA correlated less well with V̇O2 when the terrain slope either inclined or declined.
Conclusions: We advocate caution when using DBA metrics for establishing energy use in animals moving over
uneven terrain and suggest that each study species or location must be examined on a case-by-case basis. Reliance
upon the relationship described between acceleration and energy expenditure on horizontal-surface treadmills can
lead to potential under- or over-estimates of energy expenditure when animals walk on uneven or inclined ground.
Description
Publication history: Accepted - 18 February 2022; Published - 3 March 2022.
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Article
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Keywords
Dynamic body acceleration, Energy expenditure, Locomotion, Oxygen consumption, Slope, Terrain, Thermoregulation, Indirect calorimetry, Accelerometry, Treadmill
Citation
Mulvenna, C.C., Marks, N.J., Wilson, R.P., Halsey, L.G. and Scantlebury, D.M. (2022) ‘Can metrics of acceleration provide accurate estimates of energy costs of locomotion on uneven terrain? Using domestic sheep (Ovis aries) as an example’, Animal Biotelemetry. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. doi:10.1186/s40317-022-00281-3.