Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis survival in the environment confound bovine tuberculosis control and eradication? A literature review

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dc.contributor.authorAllen, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorFord, Tom
dc.contributor.authorSkuce, Robin A.
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-09T14:42:32Z
dc.date.available2021-04-09T14:42:32Z
dc.date.issued2021-02-05
dc.descriptionPublication history: Accepted - 25 January 2021; Published online - 5 February 2021.en_US
dc.description.abstractBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is one of the globe’s most common, multihost zoonoses and results in substantial socioeconomic costs for governments, farming industries, and tax payers. Despite decades of surveillance and research, surprisingly, little is known about the exact mechanisms of transmission. In particular, as a facultative intracellular pathogen, to what extent does survival of the causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (M. bovis), in the environment constitute an epidemiological risk for livestock and wildlife? Due largely to the classical pathology of cattle cases, the received wisdom was that bTB was spread by direct inhalation and exchange of bioaerosols containing droplets laden with bacteria. Other members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) exhibit differing host ranges, an apparent capacity to persist in environmental fomites, and they favour a range of different transmission routes. It is possible, therefore, that infection from environmental sources of M. bovis could be a disease transmission risk. Recent evidence from GPS-collared cattle and badgers in Britain and Ireland suggests that direct transmission by infectious droplets or aerosols may not be the main mechanism for interspecies transmission, raising the possibility of indirect transmission involving a contaminated, shared environment. &e possibility that classical pulmonary TB can be simulated and recapitulated in laboratory animal models by ingestion of contaminated feed is a further intriguing indication of potential environmental risk. Livestock and wildlife are known to shedM. bovis onto pasture, soil, feedstuffs, water, and other fomites; field and laboratory studies have indicated that persistence is possible, but variable, under differing environmental conditions. Given the potential infection risk, it is timely to review the available evidence, experimental approaches, and methodologies that could be deployed to address this potential blind spot and control point. Although we focus on evidence from Western Europe, the concepts are widely applicable to other multihost bTB episystems.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was commissioned and funded by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs for Northern Ireland (DAERA-NI) under Evidence and Innovation Project 18/03/01.en_US
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/230
dc.identifier.citationAllen, A. R., Ford, T. and Skuce, R. A. (2021) ‘Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis Survival in the Environment Confound Bovine Tuberculosis Control and Eradication? A Literature Review’, Veterinary Medicine International. Edited by D. Morck. Hindawi Limited, 2021, pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1155/2021/8812898.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2090-8113
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8812898
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherHindawien_US
dc.rights© 2021 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en_US
dc.titleDoes Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis survival in the environment confound bovine tuberculosis control and eradication? A literature reviewen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-01-25
dcterms.dateSubmitted2020-09-21

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