Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrous oxide emissions from five UK fertilised grasslands

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dc.contributor.authorCardenas, L.M.
dc.contributor.authorBhogal, A.
dc.contributor.authorChadwick, D.R.
dc.contributor.authorMcGeough, Karen
dc.contributor.authorMisselbrook, T.
dc.contributor.authorRees, R.M.
dc.contributor.authorThorman, R.E.
dc.contributor.authorWatson, Catherine J.
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, J.R.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, K.A.
dc.contributor.authorCalvet, S.
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-24T15:42:40Z
dc.date.available2020-04-24T15:42:40Z
dc.date.issued2019-04-15
dc.descriptionPublication History: Accepted - 8th January 2019; Published Online - 9th January 2019; Published - 15th April 2019en_US
dc.description.abstractIntensification of grasslands is necessary to meet the increasing demand of livestock products. The application of nitrogen (N) on grasslands affects the N balance therefore the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) are produced due to N fertilisation and low NUE. These emissions depend on the type and rates of N applied. In this study we have compiled data from 5 UK N fertilised grassland sites (Crichton, Drayton, North Wyke, Hillsborough and Pwllpeiran) covering a range of soil types and climates. The experiments evaluated the effect of increasing rates of inorganic N fertiliser provided as ammonium nitrate (AN) or calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). The following fertiliser strategies were also explored for a rate of 320 kg N ha−1: using the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), changing to urea as an N source and splitting fertiliser applications. We measured N2O emissions for a full year in each experiment, as well as soil mineral N, climate data, pasture yield and N offtake. N2O emissions were greater at Crichton and North Wyke whereas Drayton, Hillsborough and Pwllpeiran had the smallest emissions. The resulting average emission factor (EF) of 1.12% total N applied showed a range of values for all the sites between 0.6 and 2.08%. NUE depended on the site and for an application rate of 320 kg N ha−1, N surplus was on average higher than 80 kg N ha−1, which is proposed as a maximum by the EU Nitrogen Expert Panel. N2O emissions tended to be lower when urea was applied instead of AN or CAN, and were particularly reduced when using urea with DCD. Finally, correlations between the factors studied showed that total N input was related to Nofftake and Nexcess; while cumulative emissions and EF were related to yield scaled emissions.en_US
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/126
dc.identifier.citationCardenas, L. M., Bhogal, A., Chadwick, D. R., McGeough, K., Misselbrook, T., Rees, R. M., Thorman, R. E., Watson, C. J., Williams, J. R., Smith, K. A. and Calvet, S. (2019) ‘Nitrogen use efficiency and nitrous oxide emissions from five UK fertilised grasslands’, Science of The Total Environment. Elsevier BV, 661, pp. 696–710. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.082.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.082
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.rightsCopyright 2019 The authors. This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.en_US
dc.subjectSynthetic fertiliseren_US
dc.subjectYield scaled N2O emissionsen_US
dc.subjectIntensificationen_US
dc.subjectNitrogen use efficiencyen_US
dc.subjectEmission factoren_US
dc.titleNitrogen use efficiency and nitrous oxide emissions from five UK fertilised grasslandsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2019-01-08
dcterms.dateSubmitted2018-10-18

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