The Effect of Transportation on Puppy Welfare from Commercial Breeding Kennels to a Distributor.

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dc.contributor.authorRomaniuk, Aynsley C.
dc.contributor.authorDiana, Alessia
dc.contributor.authorBarnard, Shanis
dc.contributor.authorWeller, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorEspinosa, Uri Baqueiro
dc.contributor.authorDangoudoubiyam, Sriveny
dc.contributor.authorShreyer, Traci
dc.contributor.authorArnott, Gareth
dc.contributor.authorCroney, Candace
dc.date.accessioned2022-12-13T12:50:32Z
dc.date.available2022-12-13T12:50:32Z
dc.date.issued2022-12-01
dc.descriptionPublication history: Accepted - 24 November 2022; Published online - 1 December 2022en_US
dc.description.abstractMany puppies from commercial breeding kennels (CBKs) are transported by ground from their kennels of origin to a distributor. This experience may elicit fear and stress during a sensitive developmental period, which may in turn negatively impact the puppies’ short- and long-term welfare. This study aimed to measure short-term effects of transportation on puppy welfare metrics. Eight-week-old puppies (n = 383) from 12 CBKs were tested at their kennels (pre-trans) and ~48 h after arriving at a distributor (post-trans). At each location, puppies underwent an isolation test, a stranger-approach test, and a physical health assessment. Behavioral responses to testing were scored from videos. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM), fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and presence of intestinal parasites were also analyzed. Linear mixed-effects models identified decreased exploration (p < 0.001), and increased locomotion (p < 0.001) and escape attempts (p = 0.001) during the post-trans isolation test. Increased affiliative behavior (p < 0.001), FGM (p < 0.001) and sIgA (p = 0.014) were also observed post-trans. Findings support good physical health both pre- and post-trans, while behavioral and physiological changes suggest increased puppy distress post-trans. Higher post-transport affiliative behavior may indicate that puppies sought social support as a coping strategy after experiencing transport-related distress. Future studies should explore the efficacy of transportation-related interventions to mitigate puppy distress.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Endocrine Technologies Core (ETSC) at the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) is supported by NIH grant P51 OD011092 awarded to ONPRC.en_US
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/503
dc.identifier.citationRomaniuk, A.C., Diana, A., Barnard, S., Weller, J.E., Espinosa, U.B., Dangoudoubiyam, S., Shreyer, T., Arnott, G. and Croney, C. (2022) ‘The Effect of Transportation on Puppy Welfare from Commercial Breeding Kennels to a Distributor’, Animals. MDPI AG. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233379.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2076-2615
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233379
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rights© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).en_US
dc.subjectpuppyen_US
dc.subjecttransportationen_US
dc.subjectcommercial breeding kennelen_US
dc.subjectbehavioren_US
dc.subjectcortisolen_US
dc.subjectIgAen_US
dc.subjectparasiteen_US
dc.subjectwelfareen_US
dc.titleThe Effect of Transportation on Puppy Welfare from Commercial Breeding Kennels to a Distributor.en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dcterms.dateAccepted2022-11-24
dcterms.dateSubmitted2022-10-14

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