Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland

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dc.contributor.authorO’Hagan, Maria J. H.
dc.contributor.authorPascual-Linaza, Ana V.
dc.contributor.authorCouzens, Catherine
dc.contributor.authorHolmes, Clare
dc.contributor.authorBell, Colin
dc.contributor.authorSpence, Nessie
dc.contributor.authorHuey, Robert J.
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Julie A.
dc.contributor.authorDevaney, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorLahuerta-Marin, Angela
dc.contributor.departmentAnimal Health and Welfare
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-27T11:58:01Z
dc.date.available2024-03-27T11:58:01Z
dc.date.issued2021-02-18
dc.descriptionPublication history: Accepted - 20 January 2021; Published - 18 February 2021.
dc.description.abstractAntimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria can be shared between humans and animals, through food, water, and the environment. Wild animals are not only potential reservoirs of AMR, but are also sentinels mirroring the presence of AMR zoonotic bacteria in the environment. In Northern Ireland, little is known about levels of AMR in bacteria in wildlife, thus the current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of AMR bacteria in wildlife using wildlife species from two ongoing surveys as a proxy. Nasopharyngeal swabs and faecal samples from European badgers (Meles meles) (146 faecal samples; 118 nasal samples) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) (321 faecal samples; 279 nasal samples) were collected throughout Northern Ireland and were used to survey for the presence of extended spectrum beta lactamase resistant and AmpC-type beta lactamases Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC), Salmonella spp. (only in badgers) and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ESBLs were detected in 13 out of 146 badger faecal samples (8.90%) and 37 out of 321 of fox faecal samples (11.53%), all of them presenting multi-drug resistance (MDR). Fourteen out of 146 (9.59%) badger faecal samples carried Salmonella spp. [S. Agama (n = 9), S. Newport (n = 4) and S. enterica subsp. arizonae (n = 1)]. Overall, AMR was found only in the S. enterica subsp. arizonae isolate (1/14, 7.14%). No MRSA were detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from badgers (n = 118) and foxes (n = 279). This is the first attempt to explore the prevalence of AMR in the two common wildlife species in Northern Ireland. These findings are important as they can be used as a base line for further research exploring the origin of the found resistance. These results should encourage similar surveys where environmental samples are included to bring better understanding of AMR dynamics, and the impact on wildlife, domestic livestock and humans.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs for Northern Ireland.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12518/703
dc.identifier.citationO’Hagan, M.J.H., Pascual-Linaza, A.V., Couzens, C., Holmes, C., Bell, C., Spence, N., Huey, R.J., Murphy, J.A., Devaney, R. and Lahuerta-Marin, A. (2021) ‘Estimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland’, Frontiers in Microbiology. Frontiers Media SA. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.596891.
dc.identifier.issn1664-302X (electronic)
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.596891
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.rightsCopyright © 2021 O’Hagan, Pascual-Linaza, Couzens, Holmes, Bell, Spence, Huey, Murphy, Devaney and Lahuerta-Marin. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
dc.subjectAntimicrobial Resistance
dc.subjectwildlife
dc.subjectESBL
dc.subjectAmpC
dc.subjectSalmonella
dc.subjectMRSA
dc.subjectbadgers
dc.subjectfoxes
dc.titleEstimation of the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Badgers (Meles meles) and Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Ireland
dc.typeArticle
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-01-26
dcterms.dateSubmitted2020-08-20

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