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The AFBI Repository: Recent submissions

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Fine-mapping host genetic variation underlying outcomes to Mycobacterium bovis infection in dairy cows

Wilkinson, S.; Bishop, S.C.; Allen, Adrian; McBride, S.H.; Skuce, Robin; Bermingham, M.; Woolliams, J.A. (BMC, 2017-06-24)

Background: Susceptibility to Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle is governed in part by host genetics. However, cattle diagnosed as infected with M. bovis display varying signs of pathology. The variation in ...
Assessment of water-limited winter wheat yield potential at spatially contrasting sites in Ireland using a simple growth and development model

Lynch, J.P.; Fealy, R.; Doyle, D.; Black, Lisa C.; Spink, J. (Teagasc, 2017-09-19)

Although Irish winter wheat yields are among the highest globally, increases in the profitability of this crop are required to maintain its economic viability. However, in order to determine if efforts to further increase ...
The in vitro and ex vivo effect of Auranta 3001 in preventing Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum infection

Ch Stratakos, Alexandros; Sima, Filip; Ward, Patrick; Linton, Mark; Kelly, Carmel; Pinkerton, Laurette; Stef, Lavinia; Pet, Ioan; Iancu, Tiberiu; Pircalabioru, Gratiela; Corcionivoschi, Nicolae (BMC, 2017-08-31)

Background: Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhea worldwide in both humans and farm animals with no completely effective treatment available at present. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effect of different ...
The effect of foraging and ontogeny on the prevalence and intensity of the invasive parasite Anguillicola crassus in the European eel Anguilla anguilla

Barry, J.; Newton, M.; Dodd, J. A.; Evans, Derek; Newton, J.; Adams, C. E. (Wiley, 2017-01-13)

Infection patterns of the invasive Anguillicola crassus nematode were investigated in a population of the European eel Anguilla anguilla where parasite invasion is very recent, Loch Lomond, Scotland. Intensity levels ...
Market impact of Foot-and-Mouth Disease control strategies: a UK case study

Feng, Siyi; Patton, Myles; Davis, John (Frontiers Media, 2017-09-01)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) poses a serious threat to the agricultural sector due to its highly contagious nature. Outbreaks of FMD can lead to substantial disruptions to livestock markets due to loss of production and ...
“Hot spots” of N and C impact nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas emissions from a UK grassland soil

Loicka, Nadine; Dixon, Elizabeth; Abalos, Diego; Vallejo, Antonio; Matthews, Peter; McGeough, Karen; Watson, Catherine; Baggs, Elizabeth M.; Cardenas, Laura M. (Elsevier, 2017-07-03)

Agricultural soils are a major source of nitric- (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are produced and consumed by biotic and abiotic soil processes. The dominant sources of NO and N2O are microbial nitrification and ...
Seasonal hogget grazing as a potential alternative grazing system for the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau: weight gain and animal behaviour under continuous or rotational grazing at high or low stocking rates

Du, W. C.; Yan, Tianhai; Chang, S. H.; Wang, Z. F.; Hou, F. J. (CSIRO, 2017-09-20)

The traditional transhumance grazing system on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is being replaced by a system in which pastoralists are allocated fixed areas for grazing. In this context, we conducted experiments to ...
Plant and soil nutrient stoichiometry along primary ecological successions: Is there any link?

Di Palo, Francesca; Fornara, Dario (PLOS, 2017-08-07)

Ecological stoichiometry suggests that plant Nitrogen (N)-to-Phosphorus (P) ratios respond to changes in both soil N:P stoichiometry and soil N and P availability. Thus we would expect that soil and plant N:P ratios be ...
The in vitro and in vivo effect of Carvacrol in preventing Campylobacter infection, colonisation and improve chicken broilers productivity

Kelly, Carmel; Gundogdu, Ozan; Pircalabioru, Gratiela; Cean, Ada; Scates, Pam; Linton, Mark; Pinkerton, Laurette; Magowan, Elizabeth; Stef, Lavinia; Simiz, Eliza; Pet, Ioan; Stewart, Sharon; Stabler, Richard; Wren, Brendan; Dorrell, Nick; Corcionivoschi, Nicolae (Mary Ann Liebert, 2017-06-01)

The current trend in reducing the antibiotic usage in animal production imposes urgency in the identification of novel biocides. The essential oil carvacrol, for example, changes the morphology of the cell and acts against ...
Lessons to be learned in adoption of autonomous equipment for field crops

Lowenberg-DeBoer, James; Behrendt, Karl; Ehlers, Melf-Hinrich; Dillon, Carl; Gabriel, Andreas; Huang, Iona Yuelu; Kumwenda, Ian; Mark, Tyler; Meyer-Aurich, Andreas; Milics, Gabor; Olagunju, Kehinde; Pedersen, Søren Marcus; Shockley, Jordan; Rose, David (Wiley on behalf of Agricultural & Applied Economics Association., 2021-07-13)

Autonomous equipment for crop production is on the verge of technical and economic feasibility, but government regulation may slow its adoption. Key regulatory issues include requirements for on-site human supervision ...
Strategies towards Improved Feed Efficiency in Pigs Comprise Molecular Shifts in Hepatic Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism

Reyer, Henry; Oster, Michael; Magowan, Elizabeth; Dannenberger, Dirk; Ponsuksili, Siriluck; Wimmers, Klaus (MDPI, 2017-08-01)

Due to the central role of liver tissue in partitioning and metabolizing of nutrients, molecular liver-specific alterations are of considerable interest to characterize an efficient conversion and usage of feed in livestock. ...
Nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides

Warnock, Neil D.; Wilson, Leonie; Patten, Cheryl; Fleming, Colin C.; Maule, Aaron G.; Dalzell, Johnathan (Public Library of Science, 2017-02-27)

Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) seriously threaten global food security. Conventionally an integrated approach to PPN management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now ...
Finishing pigs that are divergent in feed efficiency show small differences in intestinal functionality and structure

Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U.; Lawlor, Peadar G.; Magowan, Elizabeth; McCormack, Ursula M.; Curiao, Tania; Hoffman, Manfred; Ertl, Reinhard; Aschenbach, Jorg R.; Zebeli, Qendrim (Public Library of Science, 2017-04-05)

Controversial information is available regarding the feed efficiency-related variation in intestinal size, structure and functionality in pigs. The present objective was therefore to investigate the differences in visceral ...
Needle-free delivery of measles virus vaccine to the lower respiratory tract of non-human primates elicits optimal immunity and protection

de Swart, Rik L.; de Vries, Rory D.; Rennick, Linda J.; van Amerongen, Geert; McQuaid, Stephen; Verburgh, R. Joyce; Yuksel, Selma; de Jong, Alwin; Lemon, Ken; Nguyen, D. Tien; Ludlow, Martin; Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E.; Duprex, W. Paul (Nature Research, 2017-08-01)

Needle-free measles virus vaccination by aerosol inhalation has many potential benefits. The current standard route of vaccination is subcutaneous injection, whereas measles virus is an airborne pathogen. However, the ...
Nitrogen dynamics and phytoplankton community structure: the role of organic nutrients

Moschonas, Grigorios; Gowen, Richard J.; Paterson, Ruth F.; Mitchell, Elaine; Stewart, Brian M.; McNeill, Sharon; Glibert, Patricia M.; Davidson, Keith (Springer, 2017-06-15)

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is recognised as an important N source for phytoplankton. However, its relative importance for phytoplankton nutrition and community composition has not been studied comprehensively. This ...
Bovine tuberculosis visible lesions in cattle culled during herd breakdowns: the effects of individual characteristics, trade movement and co-infection

Byrne, Andrew W.; Graham, Jordon; Brown, Craig; Donaghy, Aoibheann; Guelbenzu Gonzalo, Maria; McNair, James; Skuce, Robin A.; Allen, Adrian; McDowell, Stanley W.J. (Springer, 2017-12)

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains a significant problem for livestock industries in many countries worldwide including Northern Ireland, where a test and slaughter regime has ...
A Review of the Strain Diversity and Pathogenesis of Chicken Astrovirus

Smyth, Victoria J. (MDPI, 2017-02-10)

Although a relatively recently emerged virus, identified only in 2004 as a separate species of avian astrovirus, chicken astrovirus (CAstV) has been associated with poor growth of broiler flocks, enteritis and diarrhea and ...
Effects of grassland management on plant C:N:P stoichiometry: implications for soil element cycling and storage

Heyburn, Jemma; McKenzie, Paul; Crawley, Michael J.; Fornara, Dario (Ecological Society of America, 2017-10-05)

The functioning of human-managed grassland ecosystems strongly depends on how common management practices (e.g., animal grazing and the chronic addition of fertilizing materials to soils) interact to influence plant and ...
Detection of Tetrodotoxin Shellfish Poisoning (TSP) Toxins and Causative Factors in Bivalve Molluscs from the UK

Turner, Andrew D.; Dhanji-Rapkova, Monika; Coates, Lewis; Bickerstaff, Lesley; Milligan, Steve; O'Neill, Alison; Faulkner, Dermot; McEneny, Hugh; Baker-Austin, Craig; Lees, David N.; Algoet, Myriam (MDPI, 2017-08-30)

Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are traditionally associated with the occurrence of tropical Pufferfish Poisoning. In recent years, however, TTXs have been identified in European bivalve mollusc shellfish, resulting in the need to ...
Intestinal microbiota profiles associated with low and high residual feed intake in chickens across two geographical locations

Siegerstetter, Sina-Catherine; Schmitz-Esser, Stephan; Magowan, Elizabeth; Wetzels, Stefanie Urimare; Zebeli, Qendrim; Lawlor, Peadar G.; O'Connell, Niamh E.; Metzler-Zebeli, Barbara U. (Public Library of Science, 2017-11-15)

Intestinal microbe-host interactions can affect the feed efficiency (FE) of chickens. As inconsistent findings for FE-associated bacterial taxa were reported across studies, the present objective was to identify whether ...

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