Mota-Rojas, DanielVillanueva-Garcia, DinaSolimano, AlfonsoMuns Vila, RamonIbarra-Ross, DanielMota-Reyes, Andrea2022-02-112022-02-112022-02-01Mota-Rojas, D., Villanueva-García, D., Solimano, A., Muns, R., Ibarra-Ríos, D. and Mota-Reyes, A. (2022) ‘Pathophysiology of Perinatal Asphyxia in Humans and Animal Models’, Biomedicines. MDPI AG. doi:10.3390/biomedicines100203472227-9059https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020347Publication history: Accepted - 28 January 2022; Published online - 1 February 2022Perinatal asphyxia is caused by lack of oxygen delivery (hypoxia) to end organs due to an hypoxemic or ischemic insult occurring in temporal proximity to labor (peripartum) or delivery (intrapartum). Hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is the clinical manifestation of hypoxic injury to the brain and is usually graded as mild, moderate, or severe. The search for useful biomarkers to precisely predict the severity of lesions in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a field of increasing interest. As pathophysiology is not fully comprehended, the gold standard for treatment remains an active area of research. Hypothermia has proven to be an effective neuroprotective strategy and has been implemented in clinical routine. Current studies are exploring various add-on therapies, including erythropoietin, xenon, topiramate, melatonin, and stem cells. This review aims to perform an updated integration of the pathophysiological processes after perinatal asphyxia in humans and animal models to allow us to answer some questions and provide an interim update on progress in this field.en© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).brain injuryhypoxic-ischemicencephalopathyhuman and animal modelsmeconium aspiration syndromeperinatal asphyxiaArticle