Bakre, Abhijeet A.Duffy, CatherineAbdullah, Hani’ahCosby, S. LouiseTripp, Ralph A.2021-09-172021-09-172012-09-03Bakre, A. A., Duffy, C., Abdullah, H., Cosby, S. L. and Tripp, R. A. (2021) ‘Small Non-coding RNA Expression Following Respiratory Syncytial Virus or Measles Virus Infection of Neuronal Cells’, Frontiers in Microbiology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671852.1664-302X (electronic)https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.671852Publication history: Accepted - 3 August 2021; Published - 3 September 2021.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or measles virus (MeV) infection modifies host responses through small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) expression. We show that RSV or MeV infection of neuronal cells induces sncRNAs including various microRNAs and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs). We show that these tRFs originate from select tRNAs (GCC and CAC for glycine, CTT and AAC for Valine, and CCC and TTT for Lysine). Some of the tRNAs are rarely used by RSV or MeV as indicated by relative synonymous codon usage indices suggesting selective cleavage of the tRNAs occurs in infected neuronal cells. The data implies that differentially expressed sncRNAs may regulate host gene expression via multiple mechanisms in neuronal cells.enCopyright © 2021 Bakre, Duffy, Abdullah, Cosby and Tripp. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.respiratory syncytial virusmeasles virusneuronal cellsmicroRNAspiwi-associated RNAstransfer RNAsArticle