Romaniuk, Aynsley C.Diana, AlessiaBarnard, ShanisWeller, JenniferEspinosa, Uri BaqueiroDangoudoubiyam, SrivenyShreyer, TraciArnott, GarethCroney, Candace2022-12-132022-12-132022-12-01Romaniuk, A.C., Diana, A., Barnard, S., Weller, J.E., Espinosa, U.B., Dangoudoubiyam, S., Shreyer, T., Arnott, G. and Croney, C. (2022) ‘The Effect of Transportation on Puppy Welfare from Commercial Breeding Kennels to a Distributor’, Animals. MDPI AG. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233379.2076-2615https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12233379Publication history: Accepted - 24 November 2022; Published online - 1 December 2022Many puppies from commercial breeding kennels (CBKs) are transported by ground from their kennels of origin to a distributor. This experience may elicit fear and stress during a sensitive developmental period, which may in turn negatively impact the puppies’ short- and long-term welfare. This study aimed to measure short-term effects of transportation on puppy welfare metrics. Eight-week-old puppies (n = 383) from 12 CBKs were tested at their kennels (pre-trans) and ~48 h after arriving at a distributor (post-trans). At each location, puppies underwent an isolation test, a stranger-approach test, and a physical health assessment. Behavioral responses to testing were scored from videos. Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGM), fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), and presence of intestinal parasites were also analyzed. Linear mixed-effects models identified decreased exploration (p < 0.001), and increased locomotion (p < 0.001) and escape attempts (p = 0.001) during the post-trans isolation test. Increased affiliative behavior (p < 0.001), FGM (p < 0.001) and sIgA (p = 0.014) were also observed post-trans. Findings support good physical health both pre- and post-trans, while behavioral and physiological changes suggest increased puppy distress post-trans. Higher post-transport affiliative behavior may indicate that puppies sought social support as a coping strategy after experiencing transport-related distress. Future studies should explore the efficacy of transportation-related interventions to mitigate puppy distress.en© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).puppytransportationcommercial breeding kennelbehaviorcortisolIgAparasitewelfareArticle