Farm Biosecurity Measures and Interventions with an Impact on Bacterial Biofilms
Date
2022-08-18
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Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
Farm biosecurity management includes a set of practical measures used to prevent and
limit the spread of infections to humans and animals. Infections, predominantly caused by zoonotic
agents, often occur due to a lack of safety standards monitoring on farms, but also because of the
use of inappropriate antimicrobial products leading to bacterial resistance, tolerance to biocides and
the emergence antimicrobial-resistant germs. To date, research was mainly focused on studying the
antimicrobial resistance in bacterial biofilms and the mechanisms involved in their occurrence. At
molecular level, the limited diffusion of biocides in the biofilm matrix, enzyme-mediated resistance,
genetic adaptation, efflux pumps, and levels of metabolic activity inside the biofilm are some of the
investigated biological mechanisms which can promote antimicrobial resistance in biofilms were also
investigated. Interventions, based on the identification of novel antimicrobial compounds, that would
exclude the occurrence of bacterial tolerance, including essential oils (oregano, cloves), organic acids
(tannic & oleic acid) and natural plant compounds (e.g. alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and coumarins)
were also extensively studied and reviewed given their effectiveness against pathogen-produced
biofilms. The aim of this review was emphasize the importance of biosecurity and farm management
practices and to assess their impact on bacterial biofilm formation. Furthermore, we present the
recent intervention strategies aimed at reducing and combating the formation of bacterial biofilms in
livestock farms.
Description
Publication history: Accepted - 16 August 2022; Published - 18 August 2022.
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Article
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Keywords
farm biosecurity, disinfection, infection control and prevention, anti-biofilm strategies, sustainable livestock, biocides, pathogens
Citation
Butucel, E., Balta, I., McCleery, D., Morariu, F., Pet, I., Popescu, C.A., Stef, L. and Corcionivoschi, N. (2022) ‘Farm Biosecurity Measures and Interventions with an Impact on Bacterial Biofilms’, Agriculture. MDPI AG. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081251.